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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Soluble dietary fibres decrease α-glucosidase inhibition of epigallocatechin gallate through affecting

Jing Li1, Jifan Zhang1, Wanyi Yu1

  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China.

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Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) impact EGCG

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol with α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.
  • Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) are complex carbohydrates found in plant-based foods.
  • The interaction between SDFs and EGCG's inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different types of SDFs affect EGCG's inhibition of α-glucosidase.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind these interactions.
  • To determine the implications for evaluating dietary polyphenol efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the effects of three arabinoxylans, polygalacturonic acid (PGA), and two β-glucans on EGCG's α-glucosidase inhibition.
  • Assessed changes in EGCG's inhibitory activity, competitive inhibition character, and fluorescence quenching.
  • Analyzed the particle size and turbidity of EGCG-enzyme complexes formed in the presence of SDFs.

Main Results:

  • Arabinoxylans and PGA significantly reduced EGCG's α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
  • β-glucans had minimal impact on EGCG's inhibition.
  • SDFs formed ternary complexes with EGCG and the enzyme, altering particle size and turbidity; arabinoxylans and PGA showed stronger interactions with EGCG, leading to greater inhibition reduction.

Conclusions:

  • SDFs, particularly arabinoxylans and PGA, can modulate the α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of EGCG.
  • The interactions involve the formation of ternary complexes, influenced by SDF structure and chemical properties.
  • SDFs are a crucial factor to consider when assessing the efficacy of dietary polyphenols like EGCG.