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Non-ionic cholesterol-based additives for the stabilization of membrane proteins.

Damien Cornut1, Marine Soulié1, Alexis Moreno2

  • 1Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM & Avignon Université, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916, Avignon, Cedex 9, France; CHEM2STAB, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916, Avignon, Cedex 9, France.

Biochimie
|December 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Two novel non-ionic amphiphiles, Chol-Tris and Chol-DG, were synthesized for membrane protein studies. These cholesterol-based compounds form stable mixed micelles with DDM, aiding in GPCR extraction, stabilization, and purification.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Membrane proteins require specific detergents for biochemical studies.
  • Cholesterol is crucial for membrane protein stability and function.
  • Existing detergents like DDM have limitations in certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel non-ionic amphiphiles with cholesterol moieties.
  • To evaluate their efficacy in mixed micelles with DDM for membrane protein studies.
  • To assess their impact on G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) extraction, stability, and ligand binding.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Chol-Tris and Chol-DG amphiphiles.
  • Surface tension (SFT) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for micelle characterization.
  • Extraction and purification of human adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR).
  • Ligand binding assays for purified A2A R.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of Chol-Tris and Chol-DG with cholesterol hydrophobic cores.
  • Formation of stable, globular mixed micelles (approx. 8 nm) with DDM.
  • Critical micellar concentrations (CMCs) of 0.20 mM (DDM:Chol-DG) and 0.22 mM (DDM:Chol-Tris).
  • No alteration in extraction potency for A2A R.
  • Thermostabilizing effects observed for A2A R and GHSR.
  • Purified active A2A R retained binding affinity for agonist and inverse agonist.

Conclusions:

  • Chol-Tris and Chol-DG are effective non-ionic amphiphiles for membrane protein research.
  • These compounds form stable mixed micelles with DDM, suitable for GPCR studies.
  • They offer a potential non-ionic alternative to cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) for stabilizing membrane proteins.