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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Structural relaxation is crucial for understanding glass formation in liquids.
  • The glass transition involves a dramatic slowing down of dynamics as temperature decreases.
  • Aging phenomena describe how systems evolve over time, particularly in non-equilibrium states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural relaxation dynamics of soft-sphere liquids quenched to various temperatures.
  • To compare simulation results with theoretical predictions from non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory.
  • To elucidate the transition from equilibration to aging in glass-forming liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive Brownian dynamics simulations.
  • Theoretical calculations using non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory.
  • Isochoric quenching of a soft-sphere liquid to different final temperatures (Tf).

Main Results:

  • Observed sub-linear increase in alpha-relaxation time with system age during cooling.
  • Identified sub-aging as a transient equilibration crossover for quenches above the glass transition temperature (Ta).
  • Found persistent aging effects for quenches below Ta, with relaxation time continuously evolving.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated remarkable semi-quantitative agreement between simulations and NE-SCGLE theory.
  • Unveiled the abrupt passage from equilibration to aging phenomena in glass-forming liquids.
  • Explained that experimental observations often show a continuous crossover due to limited time windows.