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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Analyzing the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment by Flow Cytometry.

François Santinon¹, Yoon Kow Young², Sonia V Del Rincón^2,3

¹Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. francoissantinon@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|December 31, 2022

Summary

This study details flow cytometry methods for analyzing the tumor-immune microenvironment. It provides a protocol for reproducible cell staining and data analysis in lymphoid tissues and solid tumors.

Keywords:

Cell sorting Compensation Flow cytometry (FCM)Fluorescence minus one (FMO)Immune cell infiltrate Intracellular staining Isotype control Multi-parameter Solid tumor Spillover Staining panel Tumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Flow cytometry is crucial for dissecting the complex tumor-immune microenvironment.
Accurate quantification and identification of diverse cell populations within heterogeneous samples are vital for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of flow cytometry instrumentation.
To discuss considerations and steps for developing reproducible flow cytometry staining panels.
To present an updated protocol for lymphoid tissue and solid tumor-infiltrating leukocyte analysis.

Main Methods:

Review of flow cytometry instrumentation principles.
Detailed steps for building a reproducible flow cytometry staining panel.
Presentation of an updated protocol for analyzing lymphoid tissues and solid tumors.
Exemplification of flow cytometry data analysis techniques.

Main Results:

Established guidelines for flow cytometry panel design.
Provided a validated protocol for immune cell profiling in tumor tissues.
Demonstrated a workflow for flow cytometry data analysis.

Conclusions:

Flow cytometry is an indispensable technique for tumor-immune microenvironment research.
Reproducible panel design and standardized protocols enhance data reliability.
The presented methods facilitate comprehensive immune cell analysis in cancer samples.