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Gray matter microstructure differences in autistic males: A gray matter based spatial statistics study.

Marissa A DiPiero1, Olivia J Surgent1, Brittany G Travers2

  • 1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|January 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found differences in brain microstructure between autistic and typically developing males using diffusion MRI. These findings highlight altered neurodevelopment in autism and link brain structure to symptom severity.

Keywords:
AdolescenceAutismChildhoodDTIGBSSGray matter microstructureNODDI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Understanding the brain's microstructure is crucial for advancing knowledge of ASD's neural underpinnings.
  • This study examined cortical microstructure differences between autistic and typically developing (TD) males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize cortical microstructure in autistic males compared to TD males.
  • To investigate age-related differences in brain microstructure between the groups.
  • To explore the relationship between cortical microstructure and autistic symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-shell diffusion MRI (dMRI) from 83 TD and 70 autistic males (ages 5-21).
  • Applied Gray-Matter Based Spatial Statistics (GBSS) for voxelwise analysis of cortical gray matter (GM).
  • Employed general linear models and age-by-group interactions to assess group and age-related differences.

Main Results:

  • Significant age associations were found across the GM skeleton for all dMRI measures.
  • Autistic males showed increased neurite density in right-hemisphere frontal, temporal, and occipital regions.
  • Negative correlations between neurite dispersion and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) were observed in autistic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified group and age-related differences in GM microstructure, specifically neurite density, in autistic males.
  • Findings suggest altered neurodevelopmental processes impacting cortical GM microstructure in ASD.
  • These insights contribute to understanding brain-behavior relationships in ASD and may inform individualized interventions.