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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

352
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
352
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

432
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
432
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

712
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
712
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

669
Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
669
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

4.0K
Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
4.0K
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

731
Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Nanocarriers based novel and effective drug delivery system.

Sumera Khizar1, Noor Alrushaid2, Firdos Alam Khan3

  • 1Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|January 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nanotechnology offers advanced drug delivery systems using nanoparticles as carriers. These nanocarriers improve targeted therapy, enhance bioavailability, and minimize side effects for various treatments.

Keywords:
Carbon nanotubesDrug deliveryInorganicNanocarriersOrganicQuantum dots

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Nanotechnology is revolutionizing drug delivery through the development of novel nanosystems.
  • Nanoparticles serve as versatile carriers for therapeutic agents, offering enhanced targeting capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various nanocarrier systems for drug delivery applications.
  • To highlight the advantages of using nanocarriers for targeted and site-specific therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of diverse nanocarrier types, including inorganic, organic, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes.
  • Analysis of nanocarriers with varying compositions, physical, and chemical properties for drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarriers enable site-specific and targeted delivery of therapeutics, improving efficacy.
  • Conjugation with nanocarriers protects drugs from degradation, increasing bioavailability.
  • These systems minimize unwanted adverse effects associated with conventional treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocarriers are promising tools for advanced diagnosis and therapy.
  • The review underscores the significant potential of nanoparticles in active drug delivery systems.