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Facial Trauma Operative Volume Demonstrates Consistent and Significant Yearly Periodicity.

Rachel Skladman¹, Kashyap K Tadisina², John Chi³

¹Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

|January 1, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Facial trauma surgeries increase in summer and fall, a phenomenon known as trauma season. This seasonal pattern is statistically significant, influencing surgical scheduling and resource allocation.

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Trauma Surgery
Public Health

Background:

Facial trauma requiring operative care exhibits seasonal variations, commonly referred to as "trauma season."
Understanding the periodicity of facial trauma is crucial for resource management in trauma centers.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if there is a quantifiable and statistically significant yearly periodicity in the volume of operative facial trauma.
To assess the magnitude of the "trauma season" effect on facial trauma cases.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study analyzed 1,658 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for acute facial trauma over 120 months.
Time series analysis, including autocorrelation and multivariable modeling, was used to detect and quantify yearly periodicity.
Subanalysis examined periodicity across four age groups (0-17, 18-44, 45-64, ≥65).

Main Results:

Operative facial trauma volume peaked from June to September and was lowest from December to February.
Time series analysis confirmed statistically significant yearly periodicity, accounting for 23% of volume variability (R² = 0.23, P = .008).
Periodicity was most pronounced in younger populations (R² = 0.25 for ages 0-17) and diminished in older groups.

Conclusions:

Operative facial trauma volume exhibits a statistically significant yearly periodicity, peaking in summer/early fall and reaching a nadir in winter.
This seasonal variation significantly impacts trauma volume, particularly in younger demographics.
Findings support optimized operative block time, personnel allocation, and expectation management based on seasonal trends.