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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

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Published on: July 5, 2022

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Neuro-Ophthalmology.

Simon J Hickman¹

¹Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

|January 2, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), affecting vision and eye movements, arise from cancer-triggered immune responses. Management involves treating the tumor and suppressing autoimmunity for better prognosis.

Keywords:

Cancer immunomodulation neuro-ophthalmology paraneoplastic autoantibodies paraneoplastic neurological syndrome

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Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuro-immunology
Oncology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) affect approximately 1 in 300 cancer cases.
PNS typically result from an immune response to cancer antigens cross-reacting with nervous system antigens.
These syndromes often present as subacute progressive neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss paraneoplastic neurological syndromes presenting to Neuro-Ophthalmology clinics.
To detail the management strategies for PNS.
To review the prognosis of these neuro-ophthalmic conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of PNS with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and immunopathogenesis.
Evaluation of treatment outcomes for tumor and immune therapies.

Main Results:

PNS can manifest as isolated visual or ocular motor deficits or as part of broader neurological disorders.
Management requires a dual approach: addressing the primary malignancy and employing immunomodulatory treatments.
Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are crucial for prognosis.

Conclusions:

Neuro-ophthalmic presentations of PNS are significant and require specialized attention.
Integrated management of cancer and autoimmune processes is key.
Understanding PNS aids in improving patient outcomes in neuro-oncology and neuro-ophthalmology.