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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Bilateral multifocal and recurrent chorioretinopathy - case report.

Andreea-Petra Cristea¹, Cristina Stan^1,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology

|January 2, 2023

Summary

Multifocal and recurrent central serous choroidopathy presents diagnostic challenges with shifting fluid and poor prognosis. Effective treatments for this rare condition remain elusive, impacting visual acuity.

Keywords:

multifocal chorioretinopathy retinal pigment epithelium subretinal fluid

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Choroidopathy

Background:

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare condition that can mimic other ocular inflammatory diseases.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) typically affects one eye, but multifocal and recurrent forms present unique challenges.

Observation:

A 34-year-old male presented with decreased visual acuity, dyschromatopsia, and photophobia.
Examination revealed serous retinal detachments and macular edema, initially suspected as VKH syndrome.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed subretinal fluid and characteristic leakage patterns.

Findings:

The patient's condition evolved under corticosteroid therapy, with shifting serous retinal detachments, leading to a diagnosis of multifocal, recurrent central serous choroidopathy (MARC).
Treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents resulted in partial remissions and fluid shifts.
The persistent, recurrent, multifocal, and bilateral nature of the exudative retinal detachments posed significant diagnostic difficulties.

Implications:

The current prognosis for multifocal and recurrent central serous choroidopathy is unfavorable due to the lack of established effective treatments.
This case highlights the diagnostic complexities and therapeutic challenges associated with rare exudative retinal diseases.
Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis and develop targeted therapies for MARC.