Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

1.1K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
1.1K
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

73
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
73
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

19
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
19
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

17
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
17
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

891
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
891
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

28
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
28

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Invisible in Full View: Understanding Quantitative Autonomic Study Outcomes in Long-COVID.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

What are we treating? The need for broader provider understanding of POTS, its nature, and care.

The American journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Indications, contraindications, and step-by-step methodology for performing carotid sinus massage in patients presenting with syncope : A scientific statement of an Ad Hoc Syncope Consortium endorsed by: the European Autonomic Society (EFAS), Gruppo Italiano Multidisciplinare Syncope (GIMSI) and European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS).

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·2026
Same author

Focal Pulsed Field Ablation and Strategic Upsizing in Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Managing <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> bloodstream infection: a Delphi document on clinical recommendations and research agenda.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Ablation of atypical flutter using a dual-energy lattice-tip focal catheter and integrated mapping system: Addressing target tissue-form factor mismatch.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.8K

Ripple Frequency Determined via a Novel Algorithm Is Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Termination and Freedom From

Daniel P Melby1, Venkatakrishna N Tholakanahalli2,3, Refael Itah4

  • 1Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Heart Rhythm O2
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new CARTO software algorithm accurately identifies atrial regions for ablation, significantly improving success rates for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) termination and long-term freedom from AF.

Keywords:
AblationAtrial fibrillation ablationElectroanatomic mapPersistent atrial fibrillationRipple frequencyRipple map

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

14.9K
Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

842

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.8K
High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

14.9K
Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

842

Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) presents a significant challenge for achieving successful ablation outcomes.
  • Current ablation strategies for persistent AF often face difficulties in attaining long-term rhythm control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel CARTO software algorithm utilizing CARTO Ripple map technology.
  • To assess the algorithm's efficacy in terminating AF and achieving 18-month freedom from AF post-ablation.

Main Methods:

  • A high-density Ripple map was generated using a Pentaray catheter in patients undergoing first-time ablation for persistent AF.
  • Ablation was targeted at sites of rapid Ripple activations, followed by an 18-month rhythm outcome assessment.
  • A retrospective analysis employed the CARTO Ripple frequency software algorithm to quantify electrogram amplitude changes.

Main Results:

  • The CARTO Ripple frequency algorithm demonstrated high sensitivity (96.7%) and specificity (91.1%) in identifying critical atrial regions.
  • AF termination during ablation occurred in 88.1% of patients, with 85.1% requiring ablation beyond the pulmonary vein antrum.
  • High success rates were observed, with 92.9% of patients achieving freedom from AF at a mean follow-up of 14 months.

Conclusions:

  • The novel CARTO Ripple frequency algorithm offers a sensitive and specific method for automated analysis of atrial regions in persistent AF.
  • This algorithm aids in identifying ablation targets associated with high rates of AF termination and sustained freedom from AF.