Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with intracorporeal pyeloscopy in a horseshoe kidney

Horseshoe kidneys are one of the most common congenital genitourinary malformations and can increase the complexity of common urologic procedures, especially nephrolithiasis. We present a patient who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with intracorporeal pyeloscopy and stone basketing to treat a left lower pole stone burden located in a horseshoe kidney. This procedure provided benefits of expanded maneuverability, dexterity, and stability, which resulted in successful elimination of stone burden on post-operative imaging. We believe that robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with intracorporeal pyeloscopy should be considered as a treatment option in similar cases of complicated nephrolithiasis due to complex renal anatomy.