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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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Structural and Electronic Transitions in Liquid FeO Under High Pressure.

Guillaume Morard1,2, Daniele Antonangeli2, Johann Bouchet3,4

  • 1CNRS IRD IFSTTAR ISTerre Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc Grenoble France.

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|January 2, 2023
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This study investigates liquid iron oxide (FeO) properties under extreme planetary interior conditions. We reveal how its structure and density change, crucial for understanding planetary core-mantle boundaries.

Keywords:
high pressureliquid FeOliquid structurethermal equation of state

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Mineral Physics
  • High-Pressure Science

Background:

  • Iron oxide (FeO) is a key component in planetary interiors.
  • Properties of liquid FeO at high pressures are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local structure and density of liquid FeO under extreme pressure and temperature.
  • To provide a parameterized thermal equation of state for liquid FeO.

Main Methods:

  • In situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray diffraction.
  • Ab initio simulations.
  • Thermodynamic calculations.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant Fe-Fe distance shortening below ~40 GPa, potentially linked to the insulator-metal transition.
  • Density evolution between 60-150 GPa suggests a continuous spin crossover.
  • Found evidence supporting decorrelation between insulator/metal and spin transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic structural changes in liquid FeO correlate with macroscopic properties like miscibility.
  • Developed a thermal equation of state for liquid FeO relevant to Earth's core-mantle boundary conditions.