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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Understanding the Evolution of Smoke Mass Extinction Efficiency Using Field Campaign Measurements.

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Smoke aerosol mass extinction efficiency (MEE) significantly changes with aging. The real part of the aerosol refractive index (real(n)) increases with smoke age, impacting optical properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Aerosol Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Aerosol mass extinction efficiency (MEE) links aerosol optical properties to mass concentrations.
  • Understanding smoke aging is crucial for climate and air quality modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate changes in smoke MEE and the aerosol refractive index (real(n)) with aging.
  • Determine factors influencing these aging-related property changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized measurements from the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign.
  • Applied Mie theory to analyze aerosol optical properties and derive real(n).
  • Correlated real(n) with aerosol size, oxidation state, and volatility.

Main Results:

  • Mid-visible smoke MEE varied by 2-3 times between fresh and one-day-old smoke.
  • Aerosol size increases partially explained MEE changes; real(n) changes were essential for closure.
  • Real(n) increased from 1.40-1.45 (fresh) to 1.5-1.54 (aged).
  • Real(n) correlated positively with organic aerosol oxidation state and size, and negatively with volatility.

Conclusions:

  • Smoke aging significantly alters aerosol optical properties, particularly MEE and real(n).
  • Aerosol oxidation state and size are key drivers of real(n) changes during aging.
  • Further research is needed to parameterize these aging relationships for improved atmospheric models.