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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
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Environmental Exposures and Kidney Disease.

Abhijit V Kshirsagar1, Evan M Zeitler1, Anne Weaver2

  • 1UNC Kidney Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Kidney360
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Summary

Environmental exposures significantly impact kidney disease risk. Understanding these links is crucial for public health, especially with increasing environmental challenges.

Keywords:
air pollutionclinical nephrologyextreme weather eventskidney diseasewater pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Growing evidence links environmental factors to community and individual health outcomes.
  • Kidney disease (nephropathy) is a significant public health concern with multifactorial causes.
  • Environmental exposures are increasingly recognized as critical contributors to kidney morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on environmental exposures and pollutants affecting kidney disease.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in the existing research on environmental impacts on kidney health.
  • To propose advanced analytical methods for future research in environmental nephrology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of environmental exposures and their association with kidney disease.
  • Analysis of pollutants including air (particulate matter) and water contaminants (trace elements, PFAS, pesticides).
  • Consideration of extreme weather events and natural disasters as environmental stressors.

Main Results:

  • Environmental pollutants like particulate matter, trace elements, PFAS, and pesticides are linked to kidney disease.
  • Extreme weather events and natural disasters can exacerbate environmental exposures relevant to kidney health.
  • Current evidence relies heavily on observational studies and animal models, highlighting a need for more robust research.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a substantial role in the development and progression of kidney disease.
  • Addressing environmental exposures is essential for mitigating kidney disease morbidity and mortality.
  • Future research should utilize advanced analytical methods to better understand environmental impacts on kidney health.