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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
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Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice.

Xiaoyi Zheng1, Lauren Higdon1,2, Alexandre Gaudet1,3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Kidney360
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) protects against diabetic kidney disease by reducing albuminuria and podocyte injury. This study highlights Esm-1 as a potential therapeutic target for DKD.

Keywords:
Esm-1albuminuriabasic sciencechronic kidney diseasediabetic nephropathyendocanglomerular diseaseimmunologyinterferonleukocyte infiltrationmacrophagespodocytetranscriptional profilingtransgenic mouse

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of kidney failure globally, necessitating new biomarkers and understanding of disease mechanisms.
  • Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1), a proteoglycan, is known to reduce inflammation.
  • Previous findings linked glomerular Esm-1 deficiency to increased albuminuria and inflammation in DKD-susceptible mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Esm-1 in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which Esm-1 influences DKD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression and deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible (DBA/2) and DKD-resistant (C57BL/6) mice, respectively.
  • Assessment of clinical DKD indices, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production.
  • Glomerular transcriptomic analysis (RNAseq) to identify Esm-1-mediated gene expression changes.

Main Results:

  • Esm-1 overexpression in susceptible mice reduced albuminuria and podocyte injury, independent of leukocyte infiltration.
  • Esm-1 deletion in resistant mice exacerbated diabetes-induced albuminuria.
  • Glomerular RNAseq revealed Esm-1 attenuates kidney disease-promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11.

Conclusions:

  • Esm-1 confers protection against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy in mice, potentially via IFN signaling pathways.
  • These findings suggest Esm-1 plays a protective role in human diabetic kidney disease.