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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells
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Native and engineered exosomes for inflammatory disease.

Xiaoyi Ma1, Bingbing Liu1, Limin Fan1

  • 1Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China.

Nano Research
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Exosomes, tiny vesicles carrying cell information, show promise for treating inflammatory diseases. Researchers are engineering these natural nanoparticles to improve their therapeutic effectiveness and overcome limitations for enhanced inflammation treatment.

Keywords:
engineered exosomeexosomeexosomes-based therapyinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Exosomes are extracellular vesicles facilitating intercellular communication and are recognized for their therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
  • Native exosomes offer biocompatibility and bioactivity but possess inherent limitations for clinical applications.
  • Recent research focuses on exosome-based strategies for inflammation therapy, utilizing both natural and engineered forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the application of native and engineered exosomes for inflammation therapy.
  • To discuss various engineering methods employed to enhance exosome properties for improved therapeutic outcomes.
  • To explore the potential applications, challenges, and clinical research progress of exosome-based treatment strategies for inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on exosome applications in inflammation.
  • Analysis of engineering techniques used to modify exosome characteristics (e.g., cargo loading, targeting, stability).
  • Evaluation of studies demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of native and engineered exosomes in preclinical models of inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Both native and engineered exosomes demonstrate significant potential in managing inflammatory diseases.
  • Exosome engineering can enhance cargo delivery, targeting specificity, and stability, leading to improved therapeutic effects.
  • Diverse engineering strategies are being developed to optimize exosomes for combined and multifaceted treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes represent a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases, with engineering offering substantial improvements.
  • Further research and clinical development are crucial to overcome challenges and fully realize the potential of exosome-based therapies.
  • This review provides insights and guidance for future research directions and clinical applications of exosomes in inflammation treatment.