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Impedance-Based Neutralizing Antibody Detection Biosensor with Application in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Mohammad K D Manshadi1, Amin Mansoorifar1, Jung-Chih Chiao2

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas75275, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new, affordable biosensor for measuring COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The sensor accurately detects NAbs in serum, aiding decisions about further COVID-19 vaccination.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Serum neutralizing antibody (NAb) concentration is a key indicator of protective immunity against COVID-19.
  • NAbs target the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), preventing interaction with human ACE2.
  • Accurate and rapid NAb quantification is crucial for managing COVID-19 vaccination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an inexpensive, rapid, sensitive, and quantifiable impedance-based immunosensor for evaluating COVID-19 NAbs.
  • To investigate the underlying detection mechanisms of the developed immunosensor.
  • To establish the analytical performance of the immunosensor for NAb detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an impedance-based immunosensor utilizing human ACE2 (hACE2) immobilization.
  • Experimental determination of the sensor's limit of detection using IgG-anti-IgG interactions.
  • Analysis of AC electrokinetic transport and molecular diffusion using scaling analysis and numerical simulations.
  • Testing the sensor with viral RBD buffers containing varying concentrations of NAbs.

Main Results:

  • The sensor's detection mechanism is primarily governed by biomolecule diffusion onto the electrode surface.
  • The immunosensor demonstrated NAb detection capabilities within an analytical measuring range of 45 ng/mL to 185 ng/mL.
  • The developed sensor provides fast and cost-effective NAb quantification.

Conclusions:

  • The developed impedance-based immunosensor offers a viable tool for assessing COVID-19 NAb levels.
  • This technology can assist in determining the need for subsequent COVID-19 vaccine doses.
  • The sensor's low cost and rapid results support its potential for widespread clinical application.