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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

41
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
41
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

38
A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Proposed Risk Score in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Submitted to Valve Replacement Surgery.

Ricardo de Gasperi1, Luiz Carlos Bodanese2, João Carlos Vieira da Costa Guaragna2,3

  • 1Department of Interventional Cardiology, Associação Dr. Bartholomeu Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new risk score for aortic stenosis patients was developed in Brazil, considering local population aging and disease prevalence. This score aids in predicting outcomes for patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.

Keywords:
AgingAortic Valve StenosisCoronary Artery BypassHeart ValvesRisk Factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Statistics

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of aortic stenosis due to population aging in Brazil.
  • Limited availability of validated risk scores specific to the Brazilian context.
  • Need for localized risk assessment tools in cardiovascular disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel risk score for aortic stenosis patients in Brazil.
  • To adapt existing risk stratification models to the Brazilian population's characteristics.
  • To improve prediction of outcomes for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Observational historical cohort study of 802 aortic stenosis patients.
  • Valve replacement surgeries performed between 1996 and 2018.
  • Logistic regression used to construct a weighted risk score based on significant predictors.

Main Results:

  • Key predictors identified: combined valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting, prior renal failure, NYHA class III/IV heart failure, age > 70, and ejection fraction < 50%.
  • The developed risk score demonstrated good performance with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.77.
  • Excellent model calibration was confirmed by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ2 = 3.70, P=0.594) and Pearson's correlation (r = 0.98, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • A simple, Brazil-adapted risk score for aortic stenosis was successfully created.
  • The score exhibits good predictive performance and calibration.
  • The proposed score is suitable for validation in other healthcare institutions.