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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

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Potential to mitigate nitrogen emissions from paddy runoff: A microbiological perspective.

He Duan1, Haodong Wang2, Sisi Li1

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The Science of the Total Environment
|January 2, 2023
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Nitrogen-cycling microbes in paddy fields, ditches, and ponds are key to reducing nitrogen emissions. Controlling algae concentration is crucial to balance nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide (N2O) production.

Keywords:
Functional geneGreenhouse gas emissionMetagenomicsMicroorganismNon-point source pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Ecology
  • Environmental Microbiology

Background:

  • Paddy field ecosystems, including ditches and ponds, are vital for irrigation, drainage, and natural nitrogen (N) emission reduction.
  • Understanding nitrogen (N) cycling microorganisms is essential for optimizing paddy field management to minimize N emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the N cycling microbial communities in a central China paddy field ecosystem under rice-wheat rotation.
  • To identify the roles of ditches and ponds in N removal and explore seasonal variations in microbial abundance and community structure.
  • To assess the impact of phytoplankton on N cycling microbes and N2O production for improved agricultural N management.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic techniques were employed to analyze the N cycling microorganisms in paddy fields, ditches, and ponds.
  • Seasonal variations in microbial abundance, diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson), and co-occurrence networks were examined.
  • The influence of phytoplankton concentration on specific N-related genes (norB, nosZ) and potential N2O production was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Ditches and ponds were identified as potential nitrogen removal hotspots, with microbial abundance peaking during the rice season.
  • Microbial communities exhibited lower diversity and destabilized networks during the rice season, indicating fragility.
  • High phytoplankton concentration increased norB gene abundance over nosZ, potentially leading to higher N2O emissions, necessitating concentration control.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen-related microorganisms in paddy field ecosystems play a critical role in N cycling and emission reduction.
  • Seasonal dynamics and phytoplankton presence significantly influence microbial community structure and N2O production.
  • Controlling algae concentration is recommended to balance N removal efficiency and mitigate N2O emissions, aiding in the development of strategies to limit agricultural N pollution.