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Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
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Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

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The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
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The Pineal Gland01:02

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The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

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Neural function of Bmal1: an overview.

Yuanjia Zheng1,2, Lingyun Pan2, Feixue Wang1

  • 1Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.

Cell & Bioscience
|January 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) is crucial for the biological clock. Its dysfunction is linked to neurological disorders, metabolic issues, and cancer, highlighting its broad impact beyond circadian rhythm.

Keywords:
Biological clockBmal1Mental disorderNeural functionNeurobiologyPleiotropy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Bmal1 (Brain and muscle arnt-like 1, or Arntl) is a core transcription factor in the circadian clock's feedback loop.
  • While known for regulating circadian rhythms, Bmal1 dysfunction is increasingly implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review Bmal1 expression across brain regions.
  • To elucidate Bmal1's neurological functions, both circadian and non-circadian.
  • To summarize pathological phenotypes associated with Bmal1 knockout.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Bmal1 expression and function.
  • Analysis of Bmal1 knockout models and associated pathologies.
  • Discussion of oscillation and rhythmicity, particularly in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Main Results:

  • Bmal1 exhibits diverse expression patterns in the brain.
  • Bmal1 plays significant roles in neurological functions beyond circadian regulation.
  • Bmal1 knockout leads to a range of pathological phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Bmal1 is a critical regulator with implications for psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
  • Understanding Bmal1's complex roles offers potential therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into Bmal1's oscillation and rhythmicity is warranted.