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01:26General External Flow Characteristics
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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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00:54What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
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02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
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01:14The Carbon Cycle
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01:20Gas Exchange and Transport
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01:09Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving
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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures...
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures...
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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Carbon flow through continental-scale ground logistics transportation.
Haotian Cui1,2,3, Yonglong Lu1,2, Yunqiao Zhou4
1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China.
Iscience
|January 3, 2023
Summary
Logistics activities generate significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, estimated at 112.14 Mt CO2e. Optimizing driving speed and energy use can substantially reduce these emissions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Logistics and Supply Chain Management
- Climate Change
Background:
- Global logistics growth contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but emission data is often imprecise.
- Understanding the spatial distribution and drivers of these emissions is crucial for effective climate policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To construct a continental-scale spatial network of logistics-related GHG emissions using big data.
- To identify key factors influencing these emissions and quantify potential mitigation strategies.
Main Methods:
- Utilized multisource big data to build a spatial network of logistic GHG emissions.
- Analyzed emission fluxes, identified contributing urban agglomerations, and determined driving factors like speed and GDP.
Main Results:
- Total logistics GHG emissions reached 112.14 Mt CO2 equivalents (CO2e), with seven major urban areas accounting for 63%.
- Emission efficiency is higher in regions with shorter transport distances and developed road networks.
- Driving speed and gross domestic product were identified as primary emission drivers.
Conclusions:
- Implementing optimized driving speeds (65-70 km/h) and diverse energy combinations could reduce GHG emissions by 27.50-1162.75 Mt CO2e over 15 years.
- Findings provide critical data for developing integrated global logistics management and climate policies.