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SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination: A Comparative Profile between Dose 1 and Dose 2.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Virology
  • Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global concern existed regarding optimal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedules, including dose spacing and booster necessity.
  • AstraZeneca vaccination was widely implemented, necessitating studies on its real-world effectiveness concerning disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes and disease severity in hospitalized patients vaccinated with AstraZeneca based on the number of doses received.
  • To analyze the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection post-vaccination relative to the first and second doses.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional comparative study involving 148 hospitalized AstraZeneca-vaccinated patients.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: first dose and second dose recipients.
  • Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi-square tests to compare clinico-demographic information, disease severity, and duration post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred significantly later after the second dose (63 days) compared to the first dose (38 days).
  • Patients receiving only one dose exhibited more severe symptoms, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and lower oxygen saturation.
  • Single-dose recipients were more likely to present with severe pneumonia (45.5%) than those with two doses (mild pneumonia 70.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity were notably higher in individuals who received only the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
  • These findings suggest that completing the primary vaccination series (two doses) significantly enhances protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • The study highlights the importance of adhering to recommended vaccination schedules for maximizing vaccine efficacy and reducing hospitalization severity.