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Related Concept Videos

Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
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Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

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Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

18F-Labeling of Radiotracers Functionalized with a Silicon Fluoride Acceptor SiFA for Positron Emission Tomography
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Isotope Exchange-Based 18F-Labeling Methods.

Tao Wang1, Shengji Lv1, Zhaobiao Mou1

  • 1Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isotope exchange offers mild, water-resistant methods for preparing fluorine-18 labeled molecular probes. This review details these techniques, highlighting their efficiency and purification advantages for radiolabeling applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Fluorine-18 (18F) labeled molecular probes are crucial for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging.
  • Established 18F-labeling methods include electrophilic fluorination, nucleophilic fluorination, and metal-F coordination.
  • Isotope exchange-based methods offer unique advantages like mild conditions and simplified purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and categorize isotope exchange-based 18F-labeling methods.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, conditions, yields, and stability of these radiolabeling techniques.
  • To highlight the cutting-edge applications of 18F-labeled molecular probes prepared via isotope exchange.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of isotope exchange methods based on the atom bonded to fluorine (carbon vs. non-carbon).
  • Systematic review of literature on 18F/19F isotope exchange reactions.
  • Analysis of radiolabeling parameters including mechanism, conditions, yield, molar activity, and product stability.

Main Results:

  • Isotope exchange methods provide mild, water-resistant conditions for direct 18F-labeling.
  • These methods often allow for high-performance liquid chromatography-free purification.
  • The review covers a range of isotope exchange reactions involving C-F, Si-F, B-F, P-F, S-F, Ga-F, and Fe-F bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Isotope exchange represents a versatile and advantageous strategy for 18F-labeling of molecular probes.
  • These methods facilitate the development of novel PET imaging agents with improved efficiency and ease of preparation.
  • Further exploration of isotope exchange mechanisms and applications is warranted for advancing molecular imaging.