Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Atmospheric CO₂-to-acetaldehyde artificial photosynthesis in metallo hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Iron dyshomeostasis and enhanced myelination in the prefrontal cortex and ventral basal ganglia of a DJ-1 knockout model of early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Neurobiology of disease·2026

Same author

3D-Printed Ultra-Thin Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Superior Dielectric Properties for Wide Temperature Range All-Solid-State Batteries.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Grafted Glycogen Nanoparticles Mediated Hepatic Delivery of Survivin Antisense Oligonucleotides for Liver Cancer-Targeted Gene Therapy.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

The Prognostic Significance of Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Noninvasive Ventilatory Support.

Canadian respiratory journal·2026

Same author

Field-Deployable Risk Stratification of Pathogens via an AI-Integrated Nanozyme Sensor.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

A comprehensive review of optical diffusers: progress and prospects.

Le Zhou¹, Sijie Liu¹, Tingjun Zhong²

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China. luoqiudehudie@126.com.

|January 3, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores advanced polymer composite optical diffusers for displays and solar cells. Novel polymer/liquid crystal films offer tunable properties, paving the way for next-generation flexible optical devices.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Published on: May 10, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Photonics

Background:

Optical diffusers are crucial components in displays (LCDs, OLEDs) and solar cells.
Current applications demand advanced materials for enhanced performance and new functionalities.
Stretchable optoelectronics require diffusers with tunable optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review types, fabrication, and applications of optical diffusers.
To highlight recent developments in diffusers with integrated functions (PUFs, RNGs, radiative coolers, DNNs, lensless cameras, 3D displays).
To introduce tunable polymer/liquid crystal composite diffusers for flexible devices.

Main Methods:

Literature review of optical diffuser technologies.
Discussion of light scattering theory and measurement.
Introduction of polymer/liquid crystal composite fabrication for tunable diffusers.

Main Results:

Comprehensive overview of optical diffuser types and fabrication methods.
Exploration of diverse applications including advanced displays and energy devices.
Demonstration of polymer/liquid crystal composites with tunable transmittance, haze, and intensity.

Conclusions:

Polymer composite diffusers are essential for modern photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Tunable diffusers are critical for emerging stretchable and flexible technologies.
Polymer/liquid crystal composite films represent a significant advancement for switchable optical diffusers.