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Reducing pumping from vital aquifers is key for sustainable agriculture. Net inflow, a measure of water replenishment, can guide these reductions, which appear achievable in many areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Aquifers are crucial for global irrigated agriculture.
  • Many aquifers face unsustainable pumping-induced stress.
  • Pumping reductions are necessary to ensure aquifer viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the importance of net inflow for aquifer sustainability.
  • To show how net inflow can be estimated in the field.
  • To analyze the variability of net inflow and its implications for pumping reductions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a well network in the High Plains aquifer, western Kansas.
  • Analyzed historical data to estimate net inflow over 15-25 years.
  • Assessed the relationship between pumping reductions and net inflow.

Main Results:

  • Net inflow has been relatively constant in much of western Kansas for decades.
  • Required pumping reductions to stabilize water levels vary regionally but are often achievable (<30%).
  • Field-determined net inflow is valuable for calibrating groundwater models.

Conclusions:

  • Net inflow is a viable target for aquifer sustainability efforts.
  • Understanding regional net inflow variations is critical for effective groundwater management.
  • Field estimates of net inflow are most reliable in seasonally pumped aquifers.