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The productive performance of intercropping.

Chunjie Li1, Tjeerd-Jan Stomph2, David Makowski3

  • 1College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intercropping, combining multiple crops, enhances agricultural sustainability by improving crop diversity and ecosystem services. While not always increasing grain yield, it offers comparable or higher protein production and efficient resource use.

Keywords:
food securityintercroppingland-use efficiencyproductivitytransgressive overyielding

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Agronomy
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Crop diversification is crucial for reducing agriculture's environmental impact.
  • Intercropping, the practice of growing multiple crops together, is a key strategy for sustainable farming.
  • The potential for transgressive overyielding in intercropping systems remains under investigation.

Approach:

  • A global meta-analysis was conducted to quantify intercropping performance.
  • Production indices for grain, calories, and protein were analyzed.
  • Comparisons were made between intercrops and component sole crops.

Key Points:

  • Intercropping excels at producing a diverse range of crop products.
  • On average, intercropping resulted in a slight decrease (-4%) in grain/calorie yield compared to the most productive sole crop.
  • Protein yield was similar or higher in intercrops, particularly maize/legume combinations.

Conclusions:

  • Intercropping does not consistently achieve transgressive overyielding but offers significant benefits.
  • The practice enhances crop resilience, ecosystem services, and nutrient use efficiency.
  • Intercropping supports sustainable agricultural production and diversified diets.