Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Translatome profiling reveals opposing alterations in inhibitory and excitatory neurons of fragile X mice and identifies EPAC2 as a therapeutic target.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Subregional activity in the dentate gyrus is amplified during elevated cognitive demands.

eLife·2026
Same author

Exaggerated NMDA Receptor-Primed Metaplasticity via SK Channel Dysregulation in <i>Fmr1</i> Knockout Mice.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Quantification of Lentiviral Vectors with Nucleic Acid Dyes.

Human gene therapy·2026
Same author

Levetiracetam prevents Aβ production through SV2a-dependent modulation of APP processing in Alzheimer's disease models.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

A pathogenic AMPA receptor gating mutation disrupts synapse-mitochondrion axis and stalls synapse maturation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain
11:03

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain

Published on: December 22, 2014

18.8K

Protocol to map multi-transmitter neurons in the mouse brain using intersectional strategy.

Jian Xu1, Anis Contractor1, Yongling Zhu2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

STAR Protocols
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed genetic tools to map multi-transmitter neurons, specifically identifying GABA/glutamate co-releasing neurons throughout the brain. This technique aids in understanding the complex roles of these neurons in brain function.

Keywords:
GeneticsNeuroscience

More Related Videos

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices
09:07

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.5K
Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice
07:07

Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice

Published on: January 21, 2022

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain
11:03

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain

Published on: December 22, 2014

18.8K
In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices
09:07

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.5K
Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice
07:07

Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice

Published on: January 21, 2022

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Certain neurons are known to produce, store, and release multiple neurotransmitters.
  • The precise locations, quantities, and functions of these multi-transmitter neurons are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present methods for identifying and mapping multi-transmitter neurons.
  • To specifically detail protocols for whole-brain mapping of GABA/glutamate co-releasing neurons.
  • To provide a technique for labeling these neurons in specific brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intersectional genetic strategies to identify neurons based on neurotransmitter-specific gene expression.
  • Employed whole-brain mapping techniques.
  • Applied adeno-associated virus (AAV) for targeted neuronal labeling.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed procedures for whole-brain mapping of GABA/glutamate co-releasing neurons.
  • Demonstrated a technique for labeling these specific neuronal populations using AAV vectors.

Conclusions:

  • The presented protocols enable the identification and mapping of multi-transmitter neurons.
  • This methodology can be extended to study other types of multi-transmitter neurons.
  • Advances understanding of neuronal communication and brain circuitry.