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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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The compass is a fundamental instrument that operates by aligning its magnetic needle with Earth's magnetic field. This alignment facilitates navigation and orientation, offering a means to determine direction relative to magnetic north. However, the magnetic needle points to magnetic north, which differs slightly from true geographic north due to magnetic declination, which is the angular deviation between these two points. Declination varies based on geographic location and shifts over time...
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Complement: The Road Less Traveled.

Claudia Kemper1, Viviana P Ferreira2, Jeanne T Paz3,4,5

  • 1Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, crucial for immunity, has new intracellular roles in cells, impacting kidney, brain, infection, and autoimmune diseases. Research is exploring these noncanonical functions and new complement therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The complement system, traditionally known for immunity and pathogen clearance, is experiencing renewed interest.
  • Recent discoveries reveal unexpected intracellular complement activation and novel functions beyond its extracellular roles.
  • A growing number of diseases and therapeutic strategies involve the complement system.

Conclusions:

  • Complement biology is more complex than previously understood, with significant intracellular roles.
  • Understanding noncanonical complement functions is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, with promising advancements in complement-targeted therapies.