Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

8.7K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.7K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

6.0K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.0K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

13.3K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.3K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.7K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.7K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

16.9K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.9K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.6K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SERIPH: A Two-Step Extraction Protocol for Selective Enrichment of Semi-Extractable RNAs.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Molecular integration of seasonal temperature signals in flowering time control.

Nature reviews. Genetics·2026
Same author

Protocol for massively parallel RNA assay combined with immunoprecipitation for high-throughput analysis of RNA-protein interactions in cells.

STAR protocols·2026
Same author

SIRT7 regulates dosage compensation and safeguards the female X chromosome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Chromatin-associated intronic RNAs from long genes form introsomes that shape nuclear architecture in neuronal cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Lymph node-targeted DNA engages TBK1/IFN-I-driven innate immunity to induce potent T cell responses and durable memory in mice and NHPs.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Plucking cellular ribosomes with Ribo-Tweezer.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

COPII meets autophagy at the ER membrane.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Diapause presses pause on life's developmental and ageing clock.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Histone acetylation at the dawn of gene regulation.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Regulation and function of specialized membrane protrusions in intercellular communication.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Ancient enzymes, new biotechnology applications.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

25.5K

Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations.

John S Mattick1,2, Paulo P Amaral3, Piero Carninci4,5

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. j.mattick@unsw.edu.au.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial gene regulators in complex organisms, involved in development and cell biology. This consensus statement clarifies lncRNA definition, function, and research challenges for better understanding.

More Related Videos

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
07:23

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells

Published on: May 30, 2025

522
Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
13:04

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

25.5K
Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
07:23

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells

Published on: May 30, 2025

522
Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
13:04

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a significant portion of complex genomes.
  • Their diverse functions, isoforms, and gene interactions complicate classification and annotation.
  • lncRNAs are rapidly evolving, cell-type specific, and play roles in differentiation, development, and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus on the definition, nomenclature, and characteristics of lncRNAs.
  • To review the conservation, expression, structure, and functions of lncRNAs.
  • To identify research challenges and provide recommendations for advancing lncRNA studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs.
  • Analysis of lncRNA properties including evolution, cell specificity, and genomic location.
  • Discussion of lncRNA roles in chromatin modification, nuclear organization, and cytoplasmic functions.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are involved in spatial gene expression control, chromatin modification, and nuclear condensate formation.
  • They regulate translation, metabolism, and signaling pathways, often featuring modular structures and repeats.
  • lncRNA expression is linked to cell differentiation, development, and various physiological processes.

Conclusions:

  • A unified understanding of lncRNA definition and function is essential for advancing cell biology and disease research.
  • Further research is needed to address the complexities of lncRNA annotation, evolution, and functional mechanisms.
  • Recommendations are provided to guide future studies on the roles of lncRNAs in development, cell biology, and disease.