Phylogenomic analysis of Syrphoidea (Diptera: Syrphidae, Pipunculidae) based on the expanded mitogenomic data

The mitochondrial genome has become the most widely used genomic resource in resolving the insect phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we assess the interrelationships among the syrphid and pipunculid members of Syrphoidea using mitochondrial genome sequences of 152 taxa, 9 of which are newly reported and three are assembled from the existing transcriptome data. The Pipunculidae was found to be deeply nested members of Schizophora, which resulted in a nonmonophyletic Syrphoidea. In the monophyletic Syrphidae, unequivocal robust support was found for Microdontinae as the sister group of all other Syrphidae. The subfamily Eristalinae was nonmonophyletic. The Pipizinae was recovered as the sister group to the Syrphinae, albeit with strong support. As a whole, our results are concord with previously established hypotheses on Syrphoidea from the genome scale data. The mitochondrial genomes were successful in producing a robustly supported phylogenetic framework for the Syrphoidea.