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The Effects of Protein Intake on Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Intensive Care Units

Merve Mısırlıoğlu1, Dinçer Yıldızdaş1, Faruk Ekinci1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
|January 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units face high malnutrition risks. Early nutritional intervention, particularly adequate protein intake, is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and reducing mechanical ventilation duration.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Clinical nutrition
  • Nutritional epidemiology

Background:

  • Critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) have elevated metabolic demands.
  • Inadequate calorie and protein intake significantly elevates the risk of malnutrition in this vulnerable population.
  • Malnutrition in PICU patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and risk of malnutrition among critically ill children admitted to PICUs.
  • To investigate the association between nutritional status and key clinical outcomes in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from 111 patients (1 month to 18 years) across four PICUs in Adana, Turkey.
  • Recording of anthropometric data, duration of mechanical ventilation, PICU length of stay, 60-day mortality, nutritional status, and calorie/protein intake.
  • Statistical analysis to identify correlations between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in calorie and protein intake were observed between survivor and non-survivor groups at 48 hours and on day seven post-admission.
  • No significant correlation was found between sepsis, first-week calorie intake, and PICU length of stay.
  • A 1 g/kg/day increase in protein intake on day seven of hospitalization was associated with a 0.49-fold decreased risk of mechanical ventilation (P = .035).

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive nutritional assessment and close monitoring for malnutrition are essential for PICU patients.
  • Early nutritional intervention, focusing on adequate energy and protein provision, positively impacts the clinical course of critically ill children.
  • Optimizing protein intake may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and facilitate clinical recovery.
Abstract

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