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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an asexual reproduction method creating genetically identical offspring.
  • While SCNT typically preserves donor sex, sex reversal has been observed in some species.
  • Equine SCNT research is crucial for conservation and breeding advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first instance of a female foal produced via SCNT from a male donor in horses.
  • To investigate the genetic and cytogenetic basis of sex reversal in SCNT-generated equine clones.
  • To explore the implications of equine sex reversal for conservation and breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure in horses.
  • Microsatellite marker analysis for genetic identity confirmation.
  • Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with X and Y probes.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for sex-linked marker analysis.
  • Mosaicism detection in blood and skin samples.

Main Results:

  • Two cloned foals were born from a single SCNT procedure using a male nuclear donor: one male and one female.
  • Both foals were genetically identical, confirmed by microsatellite analysis.
  • The female foal possessed a 63,X chromosome set, indicating spontaneous Y chromosome loss.
  • PCR confirmed the absence of Y-linked markers and presence of X-linked markers in the female clone.
  • No evidence of mosaicism was found in the female clone's blood or skin cells.

Conclusions:

  • The birth of a female foal from a male donor via SCNT demonstrates equine sex reversal due to spontaneous Y chromosome loss.
  • This finding has significant implications for the preservation of endangered species, novel breeding techniques, and equine sports.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind spontaneous chromosome loss in SCNT.