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Clean or Dirty? A Systematic Review of Splash Basin Use and Its Infectious Potential in Orthopaedic Surgery
Kevin Rezzadeh1, Harin Parikh1, Isabella Guanche1
1Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Arthroplasty, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
|January 5, 2023
Summary
Intraoperative splash basins in orthopedic surgery frequently become contaminated, with a median rate of 23.9%. Using surgical antiseptics and shorter case times may reduce contamination risks in the operating room.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Infection Control
- Microbiology
Background:
- Splash basins are utilized in orthopedic surgery for intraoperative instrument cleaning and holding.
- This systematic review investigates the contamination rates of intraoperative splash basins.
Approach:
- A systematic review was performed using search terms "splash basin" or "splash bucket."
- Seven studies reporting on intraoperative splash basin contamination rates in orthopedic surgery were included.
- Studies were excluded if they were not relevant to orthopedic surgery, non-English, or duplicates.
Key Points:
- The median contamination rate for sterile water or saline splash basins was 23.9% (range: 2%-74%).
- Two studies reported 0% contamination rates when surgical antiseptics were added to basins.
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (50%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%) were the most common contaminants.
Conclusions:
- Splash basins are a significant source of operating room contamination.
- Further research is needed on alternative methods and optimal splash basin usage.
- Shorter surgical durations and dilute antiseptics may lower contamination risk.
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