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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
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Clinically relevant fusion oncogenes: detection and practical implications.

Maksim Sorokin1,2,3, Elizaveta Rabushko1,4, Julian Markovich Rozenberg1

  • 1Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
|January 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fusion oncogenes, resulting from DNA rearrangements, drive cancer. Identifying these receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) fusions is crucial for targeted therapies, though challenging. RNA-seq offers a promising detection method.

Keywords:
chimeric transcriptsfusion detectionfusion genesgenetic testingpredictive biomarker

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chimeric genes arise from DNA rearrangements, combining normal gene segments.
  • Some chimeric genes form fusion oncogenes, promoting carcinogenesis through altered protein functions.
  • Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) fusions are oncogenic drivers in human cancers, targeted by approved drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology and clinical significance of RTK fusion genes.
  • To discuss current databases and laboratory methods for detecting RTK fusions.
  • To highlight the challenges and advancements in identifying these oncogenic drivers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RTK fusion gene biology, clinical relevance, databases, and detection methods.
  • Focus on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) as a high-throughput method for detecting transcribed fusion genes.
  • Discussion of experimental techniques used for RTK fusion identification.

Main Results:

  • Fusion oncogenes exhibit molecular peculiarities like increased stability and altered transcriptional activity.
  • The presence of RTK fusions serves as a diagnostic biomarker for targeted drug prescription.
  • Identification of RTK fusions is complex due to variable breakpoints and unknown partners.

Conclusions:

  • RTK fusions are critical oncogenic drivers in cancer, necessitating accurate detection.
  • RNA-seq provides an unbiased, high-throughput approach for identifying fusion partners and transcripts.
  • Advancements in detection methods are essential for personalized cancer therapy.