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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

622
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
622
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

477
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
137

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Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo
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Engineered bacteria for augmented in situ tumor vaccination.

Xinyuan Shen1, Chaojie Zhu1,2, Xutao Liu3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. guzhen@zju.edu.cn.

Biomaterials Science
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Bacteria are emerging as powerful tools for in situ tumor vaccination, offering a direct approach to stimulate systemic antitumor immunity. This review highlights bacterial applications and engineering strategies for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • In situ tumor vaccination elicits potent systemic antitumor immune responses.
  • Bacteria serve as efficient tumor-targeted delivery vehicles and potent adjuvants.
  • This approach circumvents the need for tumor antigen identification and modulates the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in bacterial applications for in situ cancer vaccination.
  • To illustrate the mechanisms of bacteria in inducing immunogenic cell death and targeted delivery.
  • To comprehensively review engineering strategies for bacteria-based in situ vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on bacteria-based in situ cancer vaccination.
  • Illustration of bacterial mechanisms as immunogenic cell death inducers and delivery platforms.
  • Comprehensive review of engineering strategies: chemical modification, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering.

Main Results:

  • Bacteria effectively induce tumor immunogenic cell death and act as targeted delivery platforms.
  • Engineering strategies enhance the efficacy of bacteria-based in situ vaccination.
  • Significant progress has been made in developing bacteria for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteria represent a promising platform for in situ cancer vaccination.
  • Engineering strategies are crucial for optimizing bacteria-based cancer vaccines.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and explore future directions in this field.