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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Incidence Rates of Medically Attended COVID-19 in Infants Less Than 6 Months of Age

Isabel Griffin1, Stephanie A Irving2, Carmen Sofia Arriola1

  • 1From the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Infants, especially newborns, face a higher risk of medically attended COVID-19. Maternal postpartum COVID-19 significantly increases infant risk, highlighting the need for caregiver prevention measures.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infants under six months may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 compared to older children.
  • Limited data exist on COVID-19 incidence and risk factors in this age group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate incidence rates of medically attended COVID-19 in infants younger than six months.
  • To identify characteristics associated with COVID-19 in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of electronic medical records from 18,192 infants (born March 2020-February 2021) across three healthcare systems.
  • Medically attended COVID-19 defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 tests and/or COVID-19 diagnosis codes.
  • Incidence rates calculated by infant age, SARS-CoV-2 circulation periods, and maternal COVID-19 status.

Main Results:

  • 1.0% (173/18,192) of infants had medically attended COVID-19.
  • Highest incidence rates observed in infants under one month (2.0 per 1000 person-weeks).
  • Infants born to mothers with postpartum COVID-19 had higher incidence than those with prenatal or no maternal COVID-19 diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Infants born to mothers with postpartum COVID-19 exhibit an elevated risk of medically attended COVID-19.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of household and caregiver COVID-19 prevention for infant protection.
Abstract

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