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Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Viral hepatitis C, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2011-2020.

Shauna L Stahlman, Nicole M Hsu, James D Mancuso

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence in the U.S. military is low and declining, with 547 cases from 2011-2020. Higher rates were observed in males, non-Hispanic Whites, Navy personnel, and those in healthcare or with less service time.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant public health concern.
    • Understanding HCV epidemiology within specific populations, like the U.S. military, is crucial for targeted prevention and control strategies.
    • Previous studies may not reflect current trends due to evolving screening policies and case definitions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report updated incidence rates and numbers of HCV infections in active U.S. military members.
    • To identify demographic and occupational factors associated with HCV infection within the military.
    • To provide data for evaluating and updating military HCV screening policies.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a revised case definition for HCV infection surveillance.
    • Analyzed data from active component U.S. military members over a 10-year period (2011-2020).
    • Calculated incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and performed stratified analyses by demographics, occupation, and service characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • A total of 547 incident HCV cases were identified, with an overall incidence rate of 4.1 per 100,000 person-years.
    • The HCV incidence rate significantly decreased from 4.8 in 2011 to 1.6 per 100,000 person-years in 2020.
    • Higher incidence was observed in males, non-Hispanic White individuals, Navy members, healthcare occupations, the 17-19 age group, those born in 1964 or earlier, and personnel with less than 2 years of service.

    Conclusions:

    • HCV incidence in the active U.S. military is notably lower than in the general U.S. population and is trending downwards.
    • Specific subgroups within the military exhibit higher HCV infection risks, highlighting potential areas for focused screening and prevention efforts.
    • These updated findings are essential for assessing the effectiveness of current military HCV screening policies and informing future policy development.