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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum.

Andreas Boes^1,2,3, Lin Chang^4,5, Carsten Langrock⁶

¹Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 5, 2023

Summary

Lithium niobate (LN) is a versatile optical material enabling wave manipulation from microwave to UV frequencies. Its mature industry supports diverse applications, driving future photonic innovations.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Wave Engineering

Background:

Lithium niobate (LN) has been synthesized for 70 years.
Mature manufacturing and processing industries exist for LN crystals and wafers due to high-volume commercial applications.
LN's ability to generate and manipulate electromagnetic waves across a broad spectrum (microwave to ultraviolet) is key to its success.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a high-level review of lithium niobate (LN) as an optical material.
To cover LN's history, photonic platforms, engineering concepts, spectral coverage, and applications.
To offer an outlook on the future of LN in photonics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of LN's historical development and applications.
Analysis of LN's material properties for wave manipulation.
Synthesis of information on photonic platforms and engineering concepts.
Compilation of spectral coverage and essential applications.
Forecasting future trends and potential of LN.

Main Results:

LN is a foundational material in modern photonics and communications.
Established manufacturing enables diverse, high-performance photonic devices.
LN's broad spectral manipulation capabilities are critical for numerous applications.
Significant advancements have transitioned LN from lab to market.

Conclusions:

Lithium niobate remains a critical material with a strong industrial base.
Continued innovation in LN photonic platforms will drive future technologies.
The outlook for LN in advanced optical and quantum applications is promising.