Knowledge and expectations about miRNAs as biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell cancers

Head and neck squamous cell cancer patients suffer from a high postoperative recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Thus, it is essential to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify the role of new biomarkers. Recent research has shown that the dysregulation of microRNAs is a potential biomarker as a screening or prognostic tool. Moreover, the literature reveals its promising usefulness to select the best treatment strategy and monitor tumour response. The purpose of this review is to identify and synthesize the available literature on microRNAs as biomarkers that could help manage patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer. A search in scientific databases was completed, including all relevant articles related to circulating microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell cancer published in English or Spanish. We focused on articles whose main findings were related to their usefulness in diagnosis and prognosis. Conclusion: Knowledge of microRNAs opens the possibilities that these molecules offer in terms of monitoring cancer disease in a less-invasive, simple manner, allowing for serial sampling to assess the response to treatment and minimal residual disease. It is yet to be determined whether liquid biopsy will replace the traditional biopsy in the future but it represents a change in the paradigm of management of head and neck squamous cell cancer.