Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026
10:26
Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
Published on: January 16, 2015
Enzootic haematuria in Nepal
1KHARDEP, Dhankuta, Kosi Zone, Nepal.
Tropical Animal Health and Production
|August 1, 1987
Summary
Enzootic haematuria in Nepal cattle, previously attributed to babesiosis, was investigated. Findings indicate chronic bladder inflammation and proliferation, not parasitic infection, suggesting a new understanding of this cattle disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Pathology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Haematuria in Nepal cattle is a long-standing issue with economic impact.
- The presumed cause was babesiosis, a tick-borne parasitic disease.
- This study aimed to clarify the aetiology of bovine haematuria in Nepal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the aetiology of chronic haematuria in cattle in East Nepal.
- To differentiate between babesiosis and other causes of bovine haematuria.
- To provide the first recorded occurrence of enzootic haematuria in Nepal.
Main Methods:
- Clinical examination of affected cattle over nine months.
- Urinalysis and hematological profiling of affected animals.
- Histopathological examination of bladder tissue and blood smear analysis for Babesia spp.
Main Results:
- Affected cattle showed chronic, intermittent haematuria, polyuria, and dysuria.
- Urine analysis revealed red blood cells, protein, and white blood cells.
- Histopathology indicated epithelial proliferation, mononuclear infiltration, and vascular changes in the bladder, with negative blood smears for Babesia spp.
Conclusions:
- The findings align with enzootic haematuria, likely linked to environmental factors like bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).
- Babesiosis was ruled out as the cause of the observed haematuria.
- This study documents the first occurrence of enzootic haematuria in Nepal, necessitating further research into its specific triggers and management.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
01:28Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
01:26Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:18Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.