Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis Causing Acute Abdomen After Cesarean Section: A Case Series

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Surgical Pathology
• Abdominal Surgery

Background:

• Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare complication following cesarean section.
• It is characterized by a granulomatous foreign body reaction to vernix caseosa in the peritoneum.
• Symptoms often mimic other acute abdominal conditions, complicating diagnosis.

Observation:

• Three case reports detail patients presenting with abdominal pain, fever, and other symptoms post-cesarean section.
• Diagnostic challenges included initial misdiagnosis as appendicitis or pelvic fluid collection.
• Intraoperative findings and histological examination confirmed VCP in all cases.

Findings:

• Histological examination of peritoneal biopsies revealed characteristic granulomatous inflammation.
• Vernix caseosa was identified within the peritoneal cavity in surgically treated patients.
• Laparoscopy showed adhesions and white plaques consistent with VCP.

Implications:

• The rising cesarean birth rate may lead to an increased incidence of VCP.
• Greater awareness among clinicians is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
• Early recognition can prevent invasive procedures and improve patient outcomes.