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Related Experiment Video

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Altered large-scale brain network interactions associated with HIV infection and error processing.

Jessica S Flannery1, Michael C Riedel2, Lauren D Hill-Bowen3

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Network Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|January 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alters brain network connectivity, particularly increasing salience network-default mode network interactions. This change is linked to reduced error awareness in individuals with HIV, regardless of cannabis use.

Keywords:
CannabisCentral executive networkDefault mode networkError awarenessHIVResting-state functional connectivitySalience network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Network Connectivity

Background:

  • Altered brain network activity is common in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • The specific impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cannabis (CB) use on brain network connectivity, particularly resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), is not fully understood.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for addressing cognitive deficits in HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the separate and interactive effects of HIV and cannabis use on rsFC between the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN).
  • To examine the association of these network alterations with error awareness and error-related network responsivity.
  • To explore how HIV and cannabis use influence resource allocation indexes (RAIs) reflecting network interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan 106 participants stratified into four groups: HIV+/CB+, HIV+/CB-, HIV-/CB+, and HIV-/CB-.
  • Participants completed a resting-state scan and a modified Go/NoGo task to assess brain responsivity to errors and explicit error awareness.
  • Resource allocation indexes (RAIs) were calculated to quantify rsFC between DMN, CEN, and SN.

Main Results:

  • Participants with HIV (HIV+) showed reduced RAIs compared to those without HIV (HIV-), primarily driven by increased SN-DMN rsFC.
  • No significant differences in SN-CEN rsFC were found between groups.
  • Increased SN-DMN rsFC was correlated with diminished error awareness but not with error-related network responsivity.

Conclusions:

  • HIV is associated with altered interactions between large-scale brain networks, specifically increased SN-DMN connectivity.
  • This altered connectivity may persist during task performance, hindering error processing by impeding the disengagement of irrelevant mental operations.
  • The findings highlight a potential neural mechanism underlying cognitive challenges in individuals with HIV, independent of cannabis use.