Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
Association between COVID-19 and consistent mask wearing during contact with others outside the household-A nested
Ashley H Tjaden1, Sharon L Edelstein1, Naheed Ahmed2
1Milken Institute School of Public Health, Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Background:
Face masks have been recommended to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, evidence of the individual benefit of face masks remains limited, including by vaccination status.
Methods:
As part of the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership cohort study, we performed a nested case-control analysis to assess the association between self-reported consistent mask use during contact with others outside the household and subsequent odds of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) during November 2020-October 2021. Using conditional logistic regression, we compared 359 case-participants to 3544 control-participants who were matched by date, adjusting for enrollment site, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, urban/rural county classification, and healthcare worker occupation.
Results:
COVID-19 was associated with not consistently wearing a mask (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14, 1.95]). Compared with persons ≥14 days after mRNA vaccination who also reported always wearing a mask, COVID-19 was associated with being unvaccinated (aOR 5.94; 95% CI [3.04, 11.62]), not wearing a mask (aOR 1.62; 95% CI [1.07, 2.47]), or both unvaccinated and not wearing a mask (aOR 9.07; 95% CI [4.81, 17.09]).
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that consistent mask wearing can complement vaccination to reduce the risk of COVID-19.
Related Concept Videos
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Causality in Epidemiology
Correlation and Causation
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
Hand hygiene
Hand washing...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

