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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
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Ecchordosis physaliphora presenting as hypnic headache.

Giuseppe Magro1, Pierluigi Lanza2, Francesco Bono1

  • 1Center for Headache and Intracranial Pressure Disorders, Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.

The Neuroradiology Journal
|January 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ecchordosis physaliphora, a rare notochord remnant, was newly linked to hypnic headache in two patients. This finding suggests a potential causal association between these rare conditions.

Keywords:
Ecchordosis physaliphorahypnic headachenocturnal headachesleep pain

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) is a rare, benign congenital lesion from notochord remnants.
  • Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare sleep-related headache with unclear pathogenesis.

Observation:

  • Two patients presented with chronic nocturnal headaches.
  • Brain MRI revealed enlarged cystic lesions in the prepontine cistern, consistent with EP.

Findings:

  • This is the first report describing ecchordosis physaliphora presenting as hypnic headache.
  • A diagnosis of secondary hypnic headache attributed to EP was made in both cases.

Implications:

  • The co-occurrence of EP and hypnic headache in these cases suggests a potential, previously undescribed causal link.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between EP and secondary hypnic headache.