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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
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Monkeypox Vaccination and Cutaneous Considerations for the Dermatologist.

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    Over 18,000 monkeypox cases have been reported in the US since May 2022. Monkeypox, a poxvirus related to smallpox, causes milder symptoms like fever and rash, with rare fatalities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Monkeypox (a variola poxvirus) has seen a significant outbreak in the United States starting May 2022.
    • Over 18,000 cases have been confirmed nationwide.
    • Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus related to the variola virus that causes smallpox.

    Discussion:

    • The clinical presentation of monkeypox includes fever, lymphadenopathy, and a characteristic vesicular or pustular rash.
    • Compared to smallpox, monkeypox symptoms are generally milder.
    • Fatalities associated with monkeypox are rare in the current outbreak.

    Key Insights:

    • The US has experienced a substantial monkeypox outbreak since May 2022.
    • Monkeypox shares similarities with smallpox but presents with less severe symptoms.
    • The disease has a low mortality rate.

    Outlook:

    • Continued surveillance and public health measures are crucial for managing the monkeypox outbreak.
    • Understanding the transmission dynamics and clinical course of monkeypox is essential for effective response.
    • Research into antiviral treatments and vaccines remains important.