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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.2K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.1K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

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The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.4K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Superconductor-Insulator Transition in a Non-Fermi Liquid.

A L Chudnovskiy1, Alex Kamenev2,3

  • 11. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|January 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a strongly correlated system model exhibiting a quantum phase transition from an insulator to a superconductor. The research reveals a novel Bose metal phase preceding a non-Fermi liquid state.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • Strongly correlated systems often display complex phases, including non-Fermi liquid behavior.
  • Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are critical phenomena occurring at absolute zero temperature, driven by quantum fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model a strongly correlated system with a non-Fermi liquid high-temperature phase.
  • To investigate the insulator-superconductor quantum phase transition (QPT) and its associated phases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model for a strongly correlated system.
  • Analysis of the system's ground state and phase transitions as a function of pairing interaction strength.

Main Results:

  • The model exhibits an insulator-to-superconductor QPT originating from a single interaction mechanism.
  • The insulating phase shows activation behavior, with energy decreasing to zero at the QPT, creating a quantum critical regime.
  • A finite-temperature transition to a Bose metal phase is observed in the superconducting state, preceding the non-Fermi liquid metal.

Conclusions:

  • The presented model provides a unified framework for understanding the emergence of insulating, superconducting, Bose metal, and non-Fermi liquid phases.
  • The study highlights the rich phase diagram accessible through tuning interaction parameters in strongly correlated systems.