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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Self01:29

Structure of Self

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Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
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Self-Structure in Persecutory Delusions.

Lyn Ellett1, Jessica Kingston2, Eryna Tarant3

  • 1University of Southampton.

Behavior Therapy
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with persecutory delusions exhibit more negative and compartmentalized self-structures. Mindfulness therapy significantly reduced these negative self-structure aspects, suggesting psychological interventions can alter self-perception in clinical groups.

Keywords:
compartmentalizationpersecutory delusionsschizophreniaself-conceptself-structure

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychotherapy Research

Background:

  • Limited research exists on self-structure in clinical populations, particularly its malleability.
  • Self-structure, encompassing attribute compartmentalization and valence, is crucial for understanding psychological conditions.
  • Persecutory delusions are associated with specific cognitive and self-related processing biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate self-structure differences between individuals with persecutory delusions and healthy controls.
  • To examine the impact of a 12-week mindfulness-based psychological therapy on self-structure in this clinical group.
  • To explore the relationship between delusion severity and self-structure indices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the card sort task to assess self-structure indices (compartmentalization, attribute valence, importance) in two studies.
  • Study 1: Compared individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and persecutory delusions (n=27) to healthy controls (n=47).
  • Study 2: Assessed changes in self-structure in the clinical group (n=27) before and after mindfulness therapy or treatment-as-usual.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with persecutory delusions showed significantly more negative attributes, greater importance of negative self-aspects, and more compartmentalized self-structures compared to controls.
  • No significant association was found between delusion severity and self-structure indices.
  • Mindfulness therapy led to large effect size reductions in self-structure compartmentalization and the proportion of negative attributes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in self-structure exist between individuals with persecutory delusions and healthy individuals.
  • Psychological therapy, specifically mindfulness-based interventions, can effectively modify maladaptive self-structure characteristics.
  • Findings support the integral role of self-representation in the cognitive models of paranoid ideation and psychosis.