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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
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Cingulo-Opercular Subnetworks Motivate Frontoparietal Subnetworks during Distinct Cognitive Control Demands.

Jessica L Wood1, Derek Evan Nee2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301 jwood@psy.fsu.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cingulo-opercular network (CON) and frontoparietal network (FPN) are crucial for cognitive control. This study reveals distinct CON subnetworks that guide present (external) and future (internal) behaviors, influencing the FPN to adapt actions.

Keywords:
cognitive controlexecutive functionfMRImotivationnetwork interactionssubnetwork

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive control enables goal-directed behavior adaptation when habits are insufficient.
  • The frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON) are involved in cognitive control, but their specific roles and interactions are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional differentiation and interaction between the FPN and CON during cognitive control tasks.
  • To examine how control demands across different timescales (present-future) and mediums (external-internal) are represented within these networks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in human participants (males and females).
  • Participants performed a task designed to manipulate control demands across distinct timescales and mediums.
  • Activations within the FPN and CON were analyzed in relation to task conditions and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The CON was found to comprise two subnetworks mirroring the FPN: a rostral/ventral subnetwork for future-oriented, internal control, and a caudal/dorsal subnetwork for present-oriented, external control.
  • CON activation was particularly prominent during transitions into and out of control demands.
  • Relationships between CON subnetworks and behavior were mediated by corresponding FPN subnetworks, suggesting a CON-to-FPN motivational pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The CON can be functionally segregated into subnetworks that support distinct control operations (present/external vs. future/internal).
  • These CON subnetworks appear to motivate and interact with parallel FPN subnetworks to guide behavior.
  • The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) within the CON acts as a critical link between the anterior insula (CON) and the FPN.