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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Bone cells and their role in physiological remodeling.

Gabriel Bassan Marinho Maciel1,2, Roberto Marinho Maciel3, Cristiane Cademartori Danesi3

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. gabrielbmmaciel@yahoo.com.br.

Molecular Biology Reports
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review details bone remodeling cells, including osteoclasts and osteoblasts, essential for bone renewal and homeostasis. Understanding these processes aids in developing new bone disease therapies.

Keywords:
BoneM-CSFOsteoblastOsteoclastOsteocyteRANKL proteinRemodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is a continuous process vital for skeletal integrity and mineral homeostasis.
  • It involves the coordinated action of specialized bone cells to replace old bone with new bone tissue.
  • Dysregulation of bone remodeling contributes to various skeletal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and describe the characteristics of key bone cells involved in physiological bone remodeling.
  • To elucidate the distinct roles of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and bone lining cells.
  • To review the phases and regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive narrative literature review was conducted.
  • Key findings from existing research on bone cell biology and remodeling were synthesized.
  • Information on cellular characteristics, functions, and regulatory pathways was compiled.

Main Results:

  • Bone remodeling, distinct from modeling, ensures bone tissue renewal, fracture resistance, and calcium/phosphorus balance.
  • Osteoclasts, of hematopoietic origin, resorb bone, with their formation regulated by M-CSF and RANKL, and inhibited by osteoprotegerin.
  • Osteoblasts, of mesenchymal origin, deposit new bone; osteocytes and bone lining cells also play crucial roles. The five phases and hormonal regulation of remodeling are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of physiological bone remodeling is fundamental for investigating bone pathologies.
  • This knowledge is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
  • The study highlights the importance of cellular players and regulatory networks in maintaining skeletal health.