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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Maternal autonomy and prenatal harm.

Nathan Robert Howard1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Bioethics
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal harms are uniquely objectionable because a parent's choice to have a child creates a duty to protect the fetus from harm. This supports intentionalist views on parental obligations.

Keywords:
abortionall-or-nothing problemmaternal autonomyprenatal harm

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Philosophy of Law
  • Reproductive Ethics

Background:

  • Prenatal harms are often considered particularly objectionable.
  • The "all-or-nothing" problem, concerning situations where a choice leads to an extreme outcome, has been recently characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an account for why prenatal harms are perceived as especially objectionable.
  • To explore the structural similarities between prenatal harm cases and the "all-or-nothing" problem.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of ethical obligations related to parenthood.
  • Comparative analysis of prenatal harm scenarios and the "all-or-nothing" problem.

Main Results:

  • A willingness to parent establishes a duty to protect the fetus from harm.
  • Prenatal harm cases share structural similarities with "all-or-nothing" problems.

Conclusions:

  • The duty to protect a fetus from harm arises from the decision to parent.
  • This finding supports voluntarist/intentionalist theories of parental role obligations, where the autonomous choice to parent creates distinct obligations.